What does pleiotropy describe in genetics?

Pleiotropy refers to the phenomenon where a single gene affects multiple traits or phenotypic characteristics. This occurs when a gene encodes for a protein that plays multiple roles in different biological pathways or affects different tissues in the organism. For example, a mutation in a pleiotropic gene can lead to multiple effects on an organism's development, health, or behavior.

Understanding pleiotropy is essential in genetics as it highlights the complexity of gene function and the interconnectedness of traits. For instance, certain genetic disorders can cause a range of symptoms due to the pleiotropic nature of the responsible gene. This broad influence is significant for researchers studying gene function, inheritance patterns, and the biological basis of various traits or diseases.