What process involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template?

The process that involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template is transcription. During transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template for the creation of a complementary RNA strand. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at a specific region, unwinds the DNA helix, and synthesizes the RNA molecule by adding RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA template.

Transcription is a crucial step in the gene expression pathway, as it allows the information encoded in DNA to be transcribed into RNA, which can then be translated into proteins. Understanding transcription is fundamental to grasping how genes are expressed and regulated within biological systems.