What should be done to dilute acid properly in the laboratory?

To dilute acid properly in the laboratory, it is crucial to add acid to water rather than the other way around. Adding acid to water ensures that the heat generated during the dilution process is absorbed by the larger volume of water, reducing the risk of splattering and potential hazards. When acid is added to water, the water helps to dissipate the heat safely.

Conversely, if water is added to a concentrated acid, it can cause the acid to splatter and potentially result in dangerous reactions, as the concentrated acid can generate intense heat and lead to a more violent reaction. Additionally, mixing water with acid vigorously can create localized boiling, further increasing the risk of spillage and injury. Adding acid to a solid base is not a proper method for dilution, as it can lead to an exothermic reaction rather than a controlled dilution. Heating the acid before dilution is unnecessary and poses additional safety risks, as concentrated acids can release harmful vapors or cause burns when heated.

Overall, the most effective and safe practice is to add acid to water carefully, ensuring a controlled reaction.