Which type of fault allows rocks on either side to move past each other sideways with little vertical motion?

The description provided in the question specifically aligns with a strike-slip fault. In this type of fault, the primary movement is horizontal, with rocks on either side sliding past each other laterally. This lateral motion is characterized by minimal vertical displacement, distinguishing it from other types of faults, such as normal and reverse faults, which involve significant vertical movement due to the tension and compression of the Earth's crust, respectively.

Strike-slip faults are often associated with transform plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates grind against each other. Understanding this concept is crucial because it highlights the nature of geological stress and the dynamic processes that shape the Earth's surface. Recognizing the characteristics of strike-slip faults is essential for comprehending seismic activity patterns, which can impact infrastructure and safety in various regions.