Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA for protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA is essential in the process of protein synthesis as it serves the crucial role of carrying the genetic code from DNA, located in the nucleus, to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. The process begins with transcription, where DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA. This RNA strand then undergoes processing and is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. At the ribosome, the sequence of nucleotides in the messenger RNA is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming a protein.

Ribosomal RNA plays a structural role in the formation of ribosomes but does not carry the genetic code. Transfer RNA is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation and is involved in decoding messenger RNA, but it does not carry the genetic information from DNA. Small nuclear RNA is primarily involved in splicing pre-mRNA and does not function in delivering the genetic code needed for protein synthesis. Therefore, messenger RNA is the correct type of RNA that directly carries the genetic information required for the synthesis of proteins.